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Banquet of Chestnuts : ウィキペディア英語版 | Banquet of Chestnuts The Banquet of Chestnuts, known more properly as the Ballet of Chestnuts, refers to a fête in Rome, and particularly to a supper held in the Papal Palace by former Cardinal Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI on 30 October 1501. An account of the banquet is preserved in a Latin diary by Protonotary Apostolic and Master of Ceremonies Johann Burchard (it is titled ''Liber Notarum''), but its accuracy is disputed. ==History== The banquet was given in Cesare's apartments in the ''Palazzo Apostolico''. Fifty prostitutes or courtesans were in attendance for the entertainment of the banquet guests. Burchard describes the scene in his ''Diary'':〔Johann Burchard, ''Pope Alexander VI and His Court: Extracts from the Latin Diary of Johannes Burchardus'', 1921, F.L. Glaser, ed., New York, N.L. Brown, pp. 154-155.()〕
On the evening of the last day of October, 1501, Cesare Borgia arranged a banquet in his chambers in the Vatican with "fifty honest prostitutes",〔"quinquaginta, meretrices honestae" or "quinquaginta, meretrices honeste." Latin text in Louis Thuasne's (1854-1940) version of Burchards' ''Diary'' : "In sero fecerunt cenam cum duce Valentinense in camera sua, in palatio apostolico, quinquaginta meretrices honeste cortegiane nuncupate, que post cenam coreaverunt cum servitoribus et aliis ibidem existentibus, primo in vestibus suis, denique nude. Post cenam posita fuerunt candelabra communia mense in candelis ardentibus per terram, et projecte ante candelabra per terram castanee quas meretrices ipse super manibus et pedibus; unde, candelabra pertranseuntes, colligebant, Papa, duce et D. Lucretia sorore sua presentibus et aspicientibus. Tandem exposita dona ultima, diploides de serico, paria caligarum; bireta, et alia pro illis qui pluries dictas meretrices carnaliter agnoscerent; que fuerunt ibidem in aula publice carnaliter tractate arbitrio praesentium, dona distributa victoribus." ''Johannis Burchardi Argentinensis capelle pontificie sacrorum rituum magistri diarium, sive Rerum urbanarum commentarii (1483-1506)'', 1885, Paris, vol. 3, p. 167. ()〕 called courtesans, who danced after dinner with the attendants and others who were present, at first in their garments, then naked.〔According to ''Catholic World'' magazine, the Latin "nude" in Burchard's ''Diary'' might be better translated to mean only ''partially'' clothed: "Matarazzo (Arch. Stor. Ital., t. xvi, p. 189) says that the dance was performed by ladies and gentlemen of the court - ''cortigiane'', improperly translated in this case ‘courtesans’. The nudity does not mean absolute nudity, but a throwing off of the outer robes. The Florentine orator Francis Pepi says they were courtiers, not ‘courtesans,’ who danced." ''The Borgia Myth'', ''Catholic World'', 1886, Paulist Fathers, The Catholic Publication Society, New York, vol. 44, p. 13. ()〕 After dinner the candelabra with the burning candles were taken from the tables and placed on the floor, and chestnuts were strewn around, which the naked courtesans picked up, creeping on hands and knees between the chandeliers, while the Pope, Cesare, and his sister Lucretia looked on. Finally, prizes were announced for those who could perform the act most often with the courtesans, such as tunics of silk, shoes, barrets, and other things. William Manchester in his book ''A World Lit Only by Fire'', embellishes the story: "Servants kept score of each man's orgasms, for the pope greatly admired virility and measured a man's machismo by his ejaculative capacity....After everyone was exhausted, His Holiness distributed prizes..." 〔 ( pp. 79-80. )〕
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